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装箱计划

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装箱计划

为避免发生装货过多或浪费空间的情况，托运人在货物装箱之前必须制订一个装箱计划。

尺寸

一般来说，一个20英尺的集装箱容积为28-30立方米或980-1,060立方英尺，而40英尺的容积则为56-60立方米或1980-2110立方英尺。集装箱的实际装载量不仅取决于货物包装的尺寸，而且还取决于许多其它因素，如包装材料、装箱人员的能力和经验等。

重量

除了货物的体积外，装箱计划还应将重量考虑在内。在许多国家，公路和铁路运输允许的最大重量要小于集装箱的最大载重量。

货盘的使用

一些国家通常使用货盘来提高货物处理效率。使用货盘时要注意以下几个方面：

主要有两种货盘：“欧式货盘”和标准货盘。“欧式货盘”的尺寸是 800毫米x1,200毫米，标准货盘的尺寸是1,000毫米x1,200毫米。一个20英尺的集装箱一层可以容纳11个“欧式货盘”或9-10个标准货盘，一个40英尺的集装箱一层可以容纳23-24个“欧式货盘”或20-21个标准货盘。
木制货盘必须坚固到能堆存三层货物。
　
用纸箱包装的货物不能超出货盘的边缘。另一方面，与货盘接触面积小于90%、不贴合货盘边缘的纸箱在运输时会移动。

在很多情况下，用衬垫板代替货盘可节省空间。一些货主为了在集装箱内装入更多货物而不使用货盘或衬垫板。

Stuffing Plan
To avoid problems such as cargo overflow or wastage of space, it is essential for shippers to have a stuffing plan before cargo is loaded into the container.

Measurement

Generally speaking, a 20' container can hold as much as 28-30 cbm or 980-1,060 cu.ft., while a 40' can hold about 56-60 cbm or 1,980-2,110 cu.ft. The actual loading Internal Capacity of a container depends not only on the dimensions of the carton boxes but also on many other factors such as the packaging material and the competence and experience of the stuffing personnel.

Weight

Besides the cargo's measurement, the stuffing plan should also take the weight into consideration. It is important to note that in many countries the permissible weight limits for road and rail transportation are lower than the maximum payload a container can afford.

Use of Pallets

Palletization is widely applied in some countries to increase cargo handling efficiency. When pallets are used, it is important to observe that :

There are two major types of pallets, "Europallet" and standard pallets. The size of the "Europallets" is 800mm x 1,200mm per piece while the size of standard pallets is 1,000mm x 1,200mm per piece. A 20' container can hold eleven "Europallets" in one tier or nine to ten standard pallets in one tier while a 40' container can hold 23-24 "Europallets" in one tier or 20-21 standard pallets in one tier.

Wooden pallets must be strong enough to allow storage of three tiers when loaded.

Carton boxes must not overhang the edges of the pallets. On the other hand, boxes which utilize less than 90% of the pallet surface and do not align with the pallet edge can shift in transit.

In many cases, pallets are replaced by slipsheets to save space. some shippers use neither pallets or slipsheets in order to stuff more cargo into the container.

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